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While they're both made up of mostly carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the elements are assembled in vastly different ways. The major relationship between the two has to do with protein production -- DNA contains the information that a cell uses, with the help of RNA, to make protein. This is because DNA stays in the nucleus of a cell, while protein-making machinery is outside the nucleus. The RNA template can leave the nucleus and carries with it the information to make protein, explain Drs.
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are a region of DNA that act as instructions to create molecules called proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred to more than 2 million DNA base pairs.
Also Know, how are proteins related to a person's genes? Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. DNA is arranged on chromosomes in segments called genes. One gene tells the cell how to make one protein.
Different variations of a gene are called alleles. Each parent passes one allele to the child for each gene. The three-dimensional structure of a protein , which is crucial for its function , is determined solely by the primary structure linear sequence of amino acids. Therefore, genes can control enzyme function by controlling the primary structure of proteins.
The Relationship Between Genes and Proteins. Here is a video which summarizes how this happens. Video from: Noel Pauller. There are other ways that proteins relate to DNA. For example, in your cells DNA is wound around proteins called histones. Chromosomes actually contain both DNA and protein. This is why there was once a debate in science about which molecule, DNA or proteins, were responsible for controlling genetic information.
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